High Mileage Running

[prelives2]

hey im a freshman in college that has to do a research paper and im doin mine on how high mileage running affects performance..does anyone know any websites or books with good information?

[Johnny Cash]

This guy seems to know a few things about training.

http://www.coacheseducation.com/endur/jack-daniels-june-00.htm

[dbandre]

This guy seems to know a few things about training.

http://www.coacheseducation.com/endur/jack-daniels-june-00.htm

For a freshman in college, Dr. Jack Daniels (not the preferred one in college), is a great source of info in terms of application. If you were in an upper level phys ed, physiology, or biology program I would recommend peer-reviewed literature. However, a couple of sources with little direct correlation to "high mileage training" but about running are "A natural history of running" and Frans Bosch's "Running" as they could give you a little insight into the pro's and con's of higher mileage.

[DetroiterInIL]

http://fitnessintuition.com/2007/07/04/how-to-get-fast/

[Cerutty_Boy]

What exactly is the subject of the paper?

The merits of a high volume Lydiard-type approach vs. high-intensity interval training might be interesting. One would have to differentiate between outcomes in the long- (Lydiard FTW!) and short-term.

Hickson's work (first abstract below) - ultimate crash-training program for the "OMG, I spent the summer before senior year cross season sitting by the pool!" situation. Assuming it doesn't kill you first...

FYI, a number of these were conducted in untrained or "recreationally active" subjects.

J Appl Physiol. 1977 Mar;42(3):372-6.Click here to read Links
Linear increase in aerobic power induced by a strenuous program of endurance exercise.

Hickson RC, Bomze HA, Holloszy JO.

Eight subjects exercised for 40 min/day, 6 days/wk for 10 wk. For 3 days/wk they performed six 5-min intervals of bicycling on an ergometer against a resistance that elicited VO2 max, separated by 2-min intervals of exercise requiring 50-60% of Vo2 max. On the alternate 3 days, they ran as far as they could in 40 min. Our purpose was to obtain information regarding the time course and magnitude of the increase in Vo2 max and endurance that occur in response to strenuous exercise when the training stimulus is kept approximately constant relative to maximum aerobic capacity. Average Vo2 max increased 5% (P less than 0.05) during the 1st wk. Endurance, Vo2 max, and time to attainment of peak heart rate all increased linearly during the 10 wk. The average weekly increase in Vo2 max was 0.12 l/min. The total increase in Vo2 max averaged 16.8 ml/kg per min (44%). Four of the eight subjects attained Vo2 max levels approaching or exceeding 60 ml/kg per min. It appears from these results that aerobic work capacity can increase more rapidly and to a greater extent in response to training than has generally been thought.

J Physiol. 2007 Nov 8; [Epub ahead of print] http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/abs....2007.142109v1

Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval
and traditional endurance training in humans.

Low-volume "sprint" interval training (SIT) stimulates rapid improvements in
muscle oxidative capacity that are comparable to traditional endurance training (ET) but no study has examined metabolic adaptations during exercise after these diverse training strategies. We hypothesized that SIT and ET would induce similar adaptations in markers of skeletal muscle carbohydrate (CHO) and lipid metabolism and metabolic control during exercise despite large differences in training volume and time commitment. Active but untrained subjects (23+/-1 y) performed a constant-load cycling challenge (1 h at 65% of VO2peak) before and after 6 wk of either SIT or ET (n=5 men and 5 women per group). SIT consisted of 4-6 repeats of
a 30 s "all out" Wingate Test with 4.5 min recovery per d, 3 dwk-1. ET consisted of 40-60 min of continuous cycling at ~65% VO2peak per d, 5 dwk-1. Weekly time commitment (~1.5 vs ~4.5 h) and total training volume (~600 vs ~3000 kJwk-1) was substantially lower in SIT vs ET. Despite these differences, both protocols induced similar increases (P<0.05) in mitochondrial markers for skeletal muscle CHO (pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha protein content) and lipid oxidation (3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase maximal activity) and protein content of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha. Glycogen and phosphocreatine utilization during exercise were reduced after training, and calculated rates of whole-body CHO and lipid oxidation were decreased and increased respectively, with no differences between groups (all main effects, P<0.05). Given the markedly lower training volume in the SIT group, these data suggest that high-intensity interval training is a time-efficient strategy to increase skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and induce specific metabolic adaptations during exercise that are comparable to traditional ET.

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print]

Effect of Intensity of Aerobic Training on V O2max.

PURPOSE:: To determine whether various intensities of aerobic training differentially affect aerobic capacity as well as resting HR and resting blood pressure (BP). METHODS:: Sixty-one health young adult subjects were matched for sex and V O2max and were randomly assigned to a moderate- (50% V O2 reserve (V O2R), vigorous (75% V O2R), near-maximal-intensity (95% V O2R), or a nonexercising control group. Intensity during exercise was controlled by having the subjects maintain target HR based on HR reserve. Exercise volume (and thus energy expenditure) was controlled across the three training groups by varying duration and frequency. Fifty-five subjects completed a6-wk training protocol on a stationary bicycle ergometer and pre- and posttesting. During the final 4 wk, the moderate-intensity group exercised for 60 min, 4 d.wk the vigorous-intensity group exercised for 40 min, 4 d.wk and the near-maximal-intensity group exercised 3 d.wk performing 5 min at75% V O2R followed by five intervals of 5 min at 95% V O2R and 5 min at 50% V O2R. RESULTS:: V O2max significantly increased in allexercising groups by 7.2, 4.8, and 3.4 mL.min.kg in the near-maximal-, the vigorous-, and the moderate-intensity groups, respectively. Percent increases in the near-maximal- (20.6%), the vigorous- (14.3%), and the moderate-intensity (10.0%) groups were allsignificantly different from each other (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in resting HR and BP in any group. CONCLUSION:: When volume of exercise is controlled, higher intensities of exercise are more effective for improving V O2max than lower intensities of exercise in healthy, young adults.

J Physiol. 2006 Sep 15;575(Pt 3):901-11. Epub 2006 Jul 6. Links

Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance.

Brief, intense exercise training may induce metabolic and performance adaptations comparable to traditional endurance training. However, no study has directly compared these diverse training strategies in a standardized manner. We therefore examined changes in exercise capacity and molecular and cellular adaptations in skeletal muscle after low volume sprint-interval training (SIT) and high volume endurance training (ET). Sixteen active men (21 +/- 1 years, ) were assigned to a SIT or ET group (n = 8 each) and performed six training sessions over 14 days. Each session consisted of either four to six repeats of 30 s 'all out' cycling at approximately 250% with 4 min recovery (SIT) or 90-120 min continuous cycling at approximately 65% (ET). Training time commitment over 2 weeks was approximately 2.5 h for SIT and approximately 10.5 h for ET, and total training volume was approximately 90% lower for SIT versus ET ( approximately 630 versus approximately 6500 kJ). Training decreased the time required to complete 50 and 750 kJ cycling time trials, with no difference between groups (main effects, P </= 0.05). Biopsy samples obtained before and after training revealed similar increases in muscle oxidative capacity, as reflected by the maximal activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and COX subunits II and IV protein content (main effects, P </= 0.05), but COX II and IV mRNAs were unchanged. Training-induced increases in muscle buffering capacity and glycogen content were also similar between groups (main effects, P </= 0.05). Given the large difference in training volume, these data demonstrate that SIT is a time-efficient strategy to induce rapid adaptations in skeletal muscle and exercise performance that are comparable to ET in young active men.

PMID: 16825308 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984 Aug;16(4):371-5.Links
Influence of intense endurance training on aerobic power of competitive distance runners.

This study examined the time course of the aerobic response to strenuous training in well-conditioned distance runners when intensity was held fairly constant relative to maximal aerobic power, and the effect of this training on 10-km run time. Seven runners trained 6 d/wk for 6 wk. On 3 d/wk they ran as far as possible in 40 min, with the intention of running a greater distance each run. On alternate days the subjects performed five 5-min rides on a cycle ergometer (CE) separated by 5-min intervals of jogging, with the resistance adjusted to induce peak-CE VO2 during minutes 4 and 5 of each ride. Peak-CE VO2 increased (56.1 to 65.0 ml X min-1 X kg-1, P less than 0.05) in a linear manner (r = 0.95, P less than 0.01) during the first 5 wk. The average weekly increase was 0.11 l X min-1. Unexpectedly, peak-CE VO2 decreased significantly after week six. Treadmill VO2max was not significantly different after training. The mean decrease (P less than 0.05) in 10-km run time was approximately 81 S. These data suggest an adaptation of constant magnitude of the factor(s) which limit peak-CE VO2 when training intensity is maintained relative to improvement. However, this linear response and training intensity may be maintained only on a limited basis without expecting some decline in performance and aerobic power.